BREAKING NEWS, Business
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The Central Bank of Nigeria reintroduces flexible foreign exchange market as the country’s foreign reserve nosedives from $42.8 billion in January 2014 to about $26.7 billion as of June 10
| By Maureen Chigbo | Jun 15, 2016 @ 18:58 GMT |
THE Central Bank of Nigeria, CBN, has unveiled the broad framework and guidelines for the re-introduced Flexible Exchange Rate Inter-bank Market. This comes as a response to one of the commitments the apex bank made in the communiqué of the Monetary Policy Committee, MPC of May 24 to manage the depleting foreign exchange reserves of the country which stood at $26.7 billion as at June 2016 from about $42.8 billion in January 2014.
The CBN believes this is the right time to restore the automatic adjustment mechanism of the exchange rate which is consistent with its objectives of enhancing efficiency and facilitating a liquid and transparent foreign exchange market.
The highlights of the reintroduced policy are that the market shall operate as a single market structure through the inter-bank/autonomous window; the exchange rate will be purely market-driven using the Thomson-Reuters Order Matching System as well as the Conversational Dealing Book, and the CBN would participate in the Market through periodic interventions to either buy or sell FX as the need arises.
The policy will improve the dynamics of the market as the CBN will introduce FX Primary Dealers, FXPD, who would be registered by the CBN to deal directly with the Bank for large trade sizes on a two-way quotes basis. The primary dealers shall operate with other dealers in the Inter-bank market, amongst other obligations that will be stipulated in the Foreign Exchange Primary Dealers, FXPD. The guidelines, according to CBN will be released soon.
According to the CBN, “there shall be no predetermined spread on FX spot transactions executed through the CBN intervention with primary dealers, while all FX spot purchased by authorised dealers are transferable in the inter-bank FX Market.
“The Forty-One (41) items classified as “Not Valid for Foreign Exchange” as detailed in a previous CBN Circular shall remain inadmissible in the Nigerian FX market; To enhance liquidity in the market, the CBN may also offer long-tenored FX Forwards of 6 to 12 months or any tenor to Authorized Dealers; Sale of FX Forwards by Authorized Dealers to end-users must be trade-backed, with no predetermined spreads;
“The CBN shall introduce non-deliverable over-the-counter (OTC) Naira-settled Futures, with daily rates on the CBN-approved FMDQ Trading and Reporting System. This is an entirely new product in the Nigerian Foreign Exchange Market, which would help moderate volatility in the exchange rate by moving non-urgent FX demand from the Spot to the Futures market;
“The OTC FX Futures shall be in non-standardized amounts and different fixed tenors, which may be sold on any dates thereby ensuring bespoke maturity dates;
Proceeds of Foreign Investment Inflows and International Money Transfers shall be purchased by Authorized Dealers at the Daily Inter-Bank Rate; and non-oil exporters are now allowed unfettered access to their FX proceeds, which shall be sold in the Inter-bank market”, Godwin Emefiele, governor of the Central Bank of Nigeria said today, Wednesday, June 15 in Abuja.
According to Emefiele, “In terms of timelines, the management of the Central Bank has agreed that:
- The detailed operational guidelines for the Flexible Foreign Exchange Market will be released immediately after this Press Briefing;
- The guidelines for the selection and operations of FX Primary Dealers would also be released immediately after this Press Briefing;
- Selected FX Primary Dealers would be notified by Friday 17th June 2016. All other non-Primary Dealers would remain valid and eligible to participate in the market;
- Inter-bank trading under the new guidelines will begin on Monday 20th June 2016; and
- The tenors and rates for the OTC Naira-settled FX Futures will be announced on Monday 27th June 2016.”
The governor said: “the Central Bank is strongly determined to make this market as transparent, liquid, and efficient as possible. Therefore, we would neither tolerate unscrupulous behaviour nor hesitate to bring serious sanctions on offenders. The CBN expects all authorised dealers particularly to display the highest level of professionalism.
“We expect them to understand the spirit and letter of this transition to a market based system. The CBN will not allow the system to be undermined by speculators and rent-seekers. Permit me to emphasize that any attempt to breach any aspect of this new framework will be heavily sanctioned by the CBN and this may indeed result in the suspension or withdrawal of the FX dealing license of an offending Authorized dealer”.
He urged market participants to assist us in ensuring that this new system enables the CBN to pursue its mandate in a more effective and efficient manner, which guarantees preservation of our scarce commonwealth, stability of our financial system, and growth of our economy to the benefit of all Nigerians.
Emefiele said the bank took the decision to reintroduce this policy after consulting widely and preparing carefully.
“We all know by now that Nigeria has been dealing with the effects of three significant and simultaneous global shocks, which began around the third quarter of 2014. These include the over 70 percent drop in the price of crude oil, which contributes the largest share of our Foreign Exchange Reserves; Global growth slowdown and geopolitical tensions along critical trading routes in the world; and Normalization of Monetary Policy by the United States’ Federal Reserve,” he said.
“In view of these headwinds, the CBN witnessed a significant decline in our Foreign Exchange Reserves … In terms of inflows, the Bank’s foreign exchange earnings have fallen from about US$3.2 billion monthly to current levels of below a billion dollars per month.
“Despite these outcomes, the demand for foreign exchange has risen significantly. For example, in 2005 when we had oil prices at about US$50 per barrel for an extended period of time, our average import bill was N148.3 billion per month. In stark contrast, our average import bill for 2015 was about N917.6 billion per month. Unfortunately, the interplay between reduced FX Supply and rising FX demand accounted for a substantial reduction in our foreign exchange reserves.
“In order to avoid further depletion of the reserves, the CBN took a number of countervailing policy actions, anchored on the prioritization of the most critical needs for foreign exchange as well as maintaining stability in the exchange rate. Having allowed two adjustments from August 2014 to February 2015, we decided to manage the Naira-Dollar Exchange Rate at about N197/US$1 over the last 16 months, and then provide the available but highly limited foreign exchange to meet matured Letters of Credit from Commercial Banks, importation of Raw Materials, Plants, and Equipment; importation of Petroleum Products, and payments for School Fees, BTA, PTA, and related expenses,” The governor said.
“Over the intervening period, we are happy to note that these policies have yielded some positive developments. In particular, we have managed to stabilize the exchange rate since February 2015, thereby creating certainty for both household and business decisions, and also underpinning the economic growth we recorded in 2015. We have largely eliminated speculators and rent-seekers from the Foreign Exchange Market. Our Reserves, despite having fallen, is still robust and is able to cover about 5 months of Nigeria’s imports as against the international benchmark of 3 months. Furthermore, the domestic production of items restricted from the FX market is picking up nationwide, thereby creating more jobs for many more Nigerians,” he said.
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